
Abrams and published an issue of the Japan Quarterly in 1978. "Grave of the Fireflies" was translated into English by James R. Both short stories along with four others were bundled as a book in 1968, published by Shinchōsha ( ISBN 4-10-111203-7). Nosaka won the Naoki Prize for best popular literature for this story and "American Hijiki", which was published a month before. The story was first published in Japan in Ōru Yomimono ( オール読物, "All for Reading"), a monthly literature magazine published by Bungeishunjū, in October 1967. It was written as a personal apology to Keiko, regarding her death.

One of his sisters died as the result of sickness, his adoptive father died during the firebombing proper, and his younger adoptive sister Keiko died of malnutrition in Fukui.


It is based on his experiences before, during, and after the firebombing of Kobe in 1945. "Grave of the Fireflies" ( Japanese: 火垂るの墓, Hepburn: Hotaru no Haka) is a 1967 semi-autobiographical short story by Japanese author Akiyuki Nosaka.
